BS

by / Friday, 25 March 2016 / bipụtara Machinekpụrụ igwe

Britishkpụrụ Britain bụ ụkpụrụ arụpụtara Otu BSI nke ejikọtara n’okpuru a Ọchịchị Royal (nke bụkwa nke edoziri ka ya Ahụhụ Standkpụrụ Mba (NSB) for the UK). The BSI Group produces British Standards under the authority of the Charter, which lays down as one of the BSI’s objectives to:

(2) Set up standards of quality for goods and services, and prepare and promote the general adoption of British Standards and schedules in connection therewith and from time to time to revise, alter and amend such standards and schedules as experience and circumstances require

- BSI Royal Charter, Faller na Graham

Formally, as per the 2002 Memorandum of Understanding between the BSI and the United Kingdom Government, British Standards are defined as:

“British Standards” means formal consensus standards as set out in BS 0-1 paragraph 3.2 and based upon the principles of standardisation recognised gụnyere ndị ọzọ na iwu ọkọlọtọ Europe.

- ANY OF NA-EWETAN'agbata Gọọmentị etiti mba ụwa na usoro iwu obodo Bishọp n'ihe banyere omume ya AS

THE UNITED KINGDOM’S NATIONAL STANDARDS BODY, United Kingdom Department for Business, Innovation, and Skills

Ngwurugwu na oru nke BSI gosiputara ka o mezuru ihe ekwuru n’uzo di iche n’uche atumatu a nyere Akara akara.

Etu esi eme iwu British

Ndi otu BSI n’etinyeghi iwu nke ndi Britain, dika ukpuru nile na-aru oru n’ime BSI n’adighi agbanwe agbanwe. Kọmiti na-achị achị nke BSI hiwere Standkpụrụ Kwadoro. Standkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ emebeghị ihe dị iche na ịtọlite ​​ngalaba nkebi (ngalaba na BSI parlance ịbụ ubi nke ọkọlọtọ dịka ICT, Ogo, Ugbo, Nlụpụta, ma ọ bụ Ọkụ). Kọmitii nke ọ bụla so na Kọmitii Nka na ụzụ. Ọ bụ Kọmitii Nka na ụzụ, na-akwadokarị nkwado nke British Standard, nke a na-ewetara onye odeakwụkwọ nke Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọrụ maka nkwado nke eziokwu ahụ na Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ arụchaala ọrụ ọ bụ ya.

Standardskpụrụ

Edebere ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ aha British Standard XXXX [-P]: YYYY where XXXX is the number of the standard, P is the number of the part of the standard (where the standard is split into multiple parts) and YYYY is the year in which the standard came into effect.Otu BSI ugbu a nwere ihe karịrị 27,000 ụkpụrụ arụmọrụ. A na-egosikarị ngwaahịa dị ka izute otu British Standard, na n'ozuzu enwere ike ịme nke a na-enweghị asambodo ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nnwale nnwere onwe. Standardkpụrụ ahụ na-enye ụzọ dị mkpụmkpụ nke ikwu na a na-emezu ụfọdụ nkọwa, ebe na-agba ndị nrụpụta ume ịgbaso usoro a na-ahụkarị maka nkọwapụta dị otú ahụ.

Enwere ike iji Kitemark gosipụta asambodo site na BSI, mana naanị ebe edobere atụmatụ Kitemark gburugburu otu ọkọlọtọ. Ọ kachasị metụtara nchekwa na njikwa njikwa mma. Enwere nghọtahie a na-ahụkarị na Kitemarks dị mkpa iji gosipụta nrube isi na ụkpụrụ BS ọ bụla, mana n'ozuzu ọ bụghị ihe na-achọsi ike ma ọ bụ kwe omume na a ga-eme 'ụkpụrụ' ọ bụla n'ụzọ dị otú a.

Following the move on harmonisation of the standard in Europe, some British Standards are gradually superseded or replaced by the relevant European Standards (EN).

Ọnọdụ nke ụkpụrụ

Standards are continuously reviewed and developed and are periodically allocated one or more of the following status keywords.

  • Ekwupụtara - a tụlere ọkọlọtọ ma gosipụta na ọ dị ugbu a.
  • Ugbu - akwukwo a bu nke di ugbua, nke edeputara na nke ugbua.
  • Mpempe akwụkwọ maka ikwu okwu ọha / DPC - ọkwa mba na mmepe nke ọkọlọtọ, ebe a na-achọ ndụmọdụ sara mbara n'ime UK.
  • Nke Obasales – indicating by amendment that the standard is not recommended for use for new equipment, but needs to be retained to provide for the servicing of equipment that is expected to have a long working life, or due to legislative issues.
  • Ejiri nkeji dochie anya ya - ejiri otu ma ọ bụ karịa ụkpụrụ ọzọ dochie ụkpụrụ ahụ.
  • Ebuputara maka nkwenye - a na-enyocha ọkọlọtọ ma akwadoro ya na a kwadoro ya dị ka ọkwa dị ugbu a.
  • Maka izu oke - a na-enyocha ọkọlọtọ ma na-atụ aro na a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịba ụba.
  • Edinam ndọrọ - a na-enyocha ọkọlọtọ ma tụlee ya na ewepụ ya.
  • Revised - edegharịrị ụkpụrụ ahụ.
  • Ejirila ya - a dochiela ọkọlọtọ site na otu ma ọ bụ karịa ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ.
  • Na nyocha - a na-enyocha ọkọlọtọ.
  • Dradọrọ - akwukwo a adighi adi ugbua ma wepu ya.
  • Na-arụ ọrụ n'aka – there is work being undertaken on the standard and there may be a related draft for public comment available.

History

Isi ụlọ ọrụ BSI na Chiswick district na London

BSI Group bidoro na 1901 dika Kọmitii ọkọlọtọ Injinịa, led by James Mansergh, to standardise the number and type of steel sections, in order to make British manufacturers more efficient and competitive.

Over time the standards developed to cover many aspects of tangible engineering, and then engineering methodologies including quality systems, safety and security.

Ihe atụ nke ofkpụrụ Britain

  • BS 0 Standardkpụrụ maka ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara Development, Structure and Drafting of British Standards onwe ha.
  • BS 1 ndepụta nke mpịakọta maka ebumnuche iwu
  • Nkọwapụta BS 2 na ngalaba nke okporo ụzọ Tramway na Azụ
  • BS 3 Nkwupụta Mmetụta nke Ogologo Ogologo Nkebi na Ngalaba Nlele Ule na Pasent nke Ogologo
  • Ntuziaka BS 4 maka ngalaba steel
  • BS 5 na-akọ banyere Locomotives maka Indian Railways
  • BS 6 Njirimara nke ngalaba akpọrepu maka ebumnuche nhazi
  • BS 7 Dimensions of Copper Conductors Insulated Annealed, for Electric Power and Light
  • Ntuziaka BS 8 maka mkpo Tubular Tramway
  • Nkọwapụta BS 9 na ngalaba nke ullzọ ullzọ Njikọ Bull
  • BS 10 tebụl nke Pipe Flanges
  • Nkọwapụta BS 11 na ngalaba nke Railway Railway Bottom
  • Nkwupụta BS 12 maka Portland Cement
  • Nkwupụta BS 13 maka Iron Structural Steel maka ụgbọ mmiri
  • Ntuziaka BS 14 maka Structural steel maka ndị na-anya mmiri
  • Nkọwapụta BS 15 maka Iron Structural steel nke bridges, wdg, na General Building Construction
  • Nkwupụta BS 16 maka ihe gbasara telegraf (mkpuchi, pole, wdg)
  • Ntinye aka BS 17 na igwe eletriki
  • BS 18 sdị Tensile Nnwale
  • Nkwupụta BS 19 na nnwale okpomọkụ dị na igwe ọkụ igwe
  • Nkwupụta BS 20 na * BS Screw string
  • Nkwupụta BS 21 na eriri maka eriri ma ọ bụ nchara na ọkpọ
  • BS 22 Kpoo Mmetụta Okpomoku doru n’ime ngwa ihe ndia
  • BS 23 ụkpụrụ maka Trolley Groove na Waya,
  • BS 24 Specifications for Material used in the Construction of Standards for Railway Rolling Stock
  • BS 25 Report on Errors in Workmanship Based on Measurements Carried Out for the Committee by the National Physical Laboratory
  • BS 26 Nkwupụta nke abụọ banyere Locomotives maka Indian Railways (Supersiting No 5)
  • Nkwupụta BS 27 na Standard Systems of Limit Gauges maka ịgba ọsọ
  • BS 28 kọọrọ na mkpụrụ akụ, Bolt isi na ndị ọka
  • Nkwupụta BS 29 maka mgbakwunye Ingot steel maka ebumnuche mmiri,
  • Ntuziaka BS 30 maka Ihe nkedo nke Iron maka ebumnuche mmiri
  • Ntuziaka BS 31 maka ihe gbasara ብረት maka eriri ikuku
  • Nkwupụta BS 32 maka nchara ígwè maka iji na Machines Automatic
  • Oriọna BS 33 Carbon Filament Electric Lamps
  • BS 34 tebụl nke BS Whitworth, BS Fine na BS Pipe string
  • Nkọwapụta BS 35 maka ọla kọpa Alloy maka iji na Machines Automatic
  • Nkwupụta BS 36 na ọkọlọtọ Britain maka Igwe Ọdụdọ
  • Nkwupụta BS 37 maka ndị igwe eletrik
  • BS 38 Report na British Standards Systems for Limit Gauges for Screw strings
  • Ejikọtara BS 39 na BS ịghasa string
  • Nkwupụta BS 40 maka Spigot na Socket Cast Iron Low Pressure Heating Heating
  • Nkwupụta BS 41 maka Spigot na Socket Cast Iron Flue ma ọ bụ ọkpọkọ anwụrụ
  • BS 42 Nkwupụta maka Ntinye Steam Engines maka Nzube Ọkụ
  • Nkọwapụta BS 43 maka copokọlọtọ Mgbakwunye Ligba Chalị
  • Nyocha BS 44 maka Cast Iron Pipes maka Hydraulic Power
  • BS 45 na-akọ maka akụkụ maka plọg ebugharị (maka ntanetị na ntanetị)
  • Nkwupụta BS 46 maka igodo na ụzọ
  • BS Azụ Ahịa BS 47 Maka Bullhead na Flat Bottom Railway Railway, Nkọwapụta na akụkụ nke
  • Nkọwapụta BS 48 maka Iron Wụired nke Smithing Ogo maka ụgbọ mmiri (Grade D)
  • Nkwupụta BS 49 maka ndị ammeters na Voltmeters
  • BS 50 Third Report on Locomotives for Indian Railways (Superseding Nos. 5 and 26)
  • BS 51 Specification for Wrought Iron for use in Railway Rolling Stock (‘Best Yorkshire’ and Grades A, B and C)
  • Nkọwa nke BS 52 maka bayonet lamp-caps lampholders na ihe nkwụnye BC (ihe ndọba oriọna)
  • BS 53 Specification for Cold Drawn Weldless Steel Boiler Tubes for Locomotive Boilers
  • BS 54 Report na Screw string, nuts na bolt isi maka iji rụọ Autgbọala Autgbọala
  • BS 55 Report na Hard Drawn copper na ọla nchara
  • Nkọwapụta BS 56 nke Mpempe Mkpụrụ na Elastic Limit
  • BS 57 na isi maka obere skru
  • Ntuziaka BS 58 maka Spigot na sọks Cast Iron Soil Pipes
  • BS 59 Specification for Spigot and Socket Cast Iron Waste and Ventilating Pipes (for other than Soil Purposes)
  • Nkwupụta BS 60 nke nnwale na Tungsten Filament Lamps
  • BS 61 Specification for Copper Tubes and their Screw Threads (primarily for domestic and similar work)
  • BS 62 ịghasa maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri,
  • Nkwupụta BS 63 maka ogo nke Broken Stone na Chippings,
  • Nkọwapụta BS 64 maka Fishbolts na akụ maka okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko
  • Ntuziaka BS 65 maka Pipes Glazed Ware,
  • BS 66 Specification for Copper-Alloy Three-Piece Unions (for Low and Medium Pressure Screwed Copper Tubes)
  • Nkwupụta BS 67 maka Roses abụọ na Atọ
  • Usoro BS 68 nke ịkọwapụta nguzobe ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri,
  • BS 69 na-egosi na Tungsten Filament Lamps (acudị Vacuum) maka Autgbọala
  • BS 70 Report on Pneumatic Tyre Rims for Automobiles, Motor Cycles and Cycles
  • BS 71 Report on Dimensions of Wheel Rims and Tyre Bands for Solid Rubber Tyres for Automobiles
  • Iwu nke BS 72 nke British maka igwe eletriki,
  • BS 73 Nkowa maka Plọg Mpekere na Mpekere abụọ (Ise-, Iri na Ise- na Iri Atọ - Ampere)
  • BS 74 Charging Plug and Socket, maka ugboala nke batrị Secondary batrị, nkọwapụta maka
  • BS 75 Steels maka ụgbọala, nkọwapụta maka arụ
  • Nkwupụta BS 76 na nkọwapụta maka Tar na olulu maka ebumnuche okporo ụzọ
  • Nhazi BS 77. Voltages maka usoro nnyefe na nkesa nkesa ac
  • BS 78 Specification for Cast Iron Pipes and Special Castings for Water, Gas and Sewage
  • BS 79 Nkwupụta na Akụkụ nke Ọrụ Nrụ Ọrụ Pụrụ Iche nke Tramways
  • BS 80 Magnetos maka ebumnuche ụgbọala
  • Ntuziaka BS 81 maka ndị na-emegharị ngwa agha
  • Nkọwapụta BS 82 maka ndị na - ebido maka Motors
  • BS 83 maka ntụnye maka Dope na mkpuchi mkpuchi maka ụgbọ elu
  • BS 84 Report on Screw Threads (British Standard Fine), and their Tolerances (Superseding parts of Reports Nos. 20 and 33)
  • BS 86 na-akọ banyere ogo Magnetos maka ebumnuche ụgbọ elu
  • BS 87 Report na akụkụ maka Airscrew Hubs
  • BS 88 Specification for cartridge fuses for voltages up to and including 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c. Originally titled: “Specification for Electric Cut-Outs (Low Pressure, Type O)”
  • BS 89 Specification for Indicating Ammeters, Voltmeters, Wattmeters, Frequency and Power-Factor Meters
  • Nyocha BS 90 maka Ndekọ (Eserese) Ammeters, Voltmeters na Wattmeters
  • BS 95 Tables of Corrections to Effective Diameter required to compensate Pitch and Angle Errors in Screw Threads of Whitworth Form
  • Nkọwapụta BS 98 maka Caịlị Goliath na Lamp Holding
  • Nyocha BS 103 maka Machines Testing Weight maka Rails
  • BS 104 ngalaba nke Light Flat Bottom Railway Railway na Azụ Azụ
  • Sdị ilgbọ okporo ígwè BS 105 nke Ìhè na Nnukwu Mmiri
  • BS 107 ọkọlọtọ maka mpaghara akpọrepu maka igwe ndọta
  • BS 196 for protected-type non-reversible plugs, socket-outlets cable-couplers and appliance-couplers with earthing contacts for single phase a.c. circuits up to 250 volts
  • BS 308 a now deleted standard for engineering drawing conventions, having been absorbed into BS 8888.
  • BS 317 for Hand-Shield and Side Entry Pattern Three-Pin Wall Plugs and Sockets (Two Pin and Earth Type)
  • BS 336 maka ngwongwo oku na ngwa agha
  • BS 372 for Side-entry wall plugs and sockets for domestic purposes (Part 1 superseded BS 73 and Part 2 superseded BS 317)
  • BS 381 maka agba ejiri na njirimara, nzuzo na ebumnuche ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche
  • BS 476 maka nguzogide oku nke ihe ulo / ihe
  • Usoro akara na akara akara BS 499.
  • BS 546 for Two-pole and earthing-pin plugs, socket-outlets and socket-outlet adaptors for AC (50–60 Hz) circuits up to 250V
  • BS 857 maka iko nchekwa maka ụgbọ njem ala
  • Bamo 987C Agba
  • BS 1088 maka pine mmiri
  • BS 1192 n'ihi na Omume Drase Iwu. Nkebi nke ise (BS5-1192: 5) Ntuziaka maka nhazi na mgbanwe nke data CAD.
  • BS 1361 maka friza kodu maka ac sekit n’ime ulo na ebe ozo yiri ya
  • BS 1362 maka ngwongwo kporo nku maka ngwa agha nke BS 1363
  • BS 1363 maka mains ike na sockets
  • BS 1377 ofzọ nke nnwale maka ala maka injinị nkịtị.
  • Akara BS 1572 maka Flat Finished maka Dechọ Mma
  • BS 1881 ihe nyocha
  • BS 1852 Nkwupụta maka akara akara maka ndị na-eguzogide ya na ndị na-eme ya
  • Ejiri BS 2660 agba maka eserese na ịchọ mma
  • BS 2979 litesụgharị Cyrillic na Akwụkwọ Ozi Grik
  • BS 3506 maka PVC anwụghị anwụ maka ojiji maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
  • BS 3621 Mgbakọ mkpọchi na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Igodo egress
  • Nyocha BS 3943 maka ọnya plastik
  • Bzọ BS 4142 maka igosipụta na ịtụle ụda ụlọ ọrụ na azụmaahịa
  • BS 4293 maka ndị ọrụ okirikiri a na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a
  • BS 4343 maka njikọ njikọ igwe eletrik
  • Nkọwa nke BS 4573 maka p-2 na-atụgharị plọg na pịrị apị
  • BS 4800 maka agba agba eji eme ulo
  • BS 4900 maka enamel na-acha odo odo nke eji eme ihe na owuwu
  • BS 4901 maka agba agba nke eji eme ya na owuwu
  • BS 4902 maka mpempe akwụkwọ / tile kpuchie agba eji eme ihe owuwu
  • BS 4960 maka inye ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ulo
  • BS 4962 maka ọkpọkọ plastik na ihe kwesịrị iji mee ka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala
  • BS 5252 maka nhazi nhazi nke agba n’ulo ulo
  • BS 5400 maka nchara, akwa na akwa mmiri.
  • BS 5499 for graphical symbols and signs in building construction; including shape, colour and layout
  • BS 5544 maka mgbochi bandit glazing (glazing na-eguzogide ntuzi aka)
  • BS 5750 maka njikwa mma, nna nna nke ISO 9000
  • Nkwupụta BS 5759 maka nha njigide mgbochi webusaị maka iji mee njem n'ụgbọ elu
  • BS 5837 for protection of trees during construction work
  • BS 5839 maka nchọpụta ọkụ na sistemụ mkpu maka ụlọ
  • BS 5930 maka nyocha saịtị
  • BS 5950 maka nhazi nke ígwè
  • BS 5993 maka bọọlụ Cricket
  • BS 6008 maka nkwadebe mmanya mmanya iji mee ya na ule nyocha
  • BS 6312 maka plọg ekwentị na anya
  • Usoro iwu BS 6651 maka nchebe nke ihe owuwu; dochie usoro BS EN 62305 (IEC 62305).
  • Echichi, arụmọrụ na idozi igwe eji ekwu okwu na igwe ekwenti
  • BS 6879 maka British geocodes, ihe eji eme elu ISO 3166-2: GB
  • BS 7430 koodu omume maka uwa
  • BS 7671 Ihe choro maka nrụnye, Iwu IEE Wing, nke IET mepụtara
  • BS 7799 maka nchekwa ozi, nna nna nke ISO / IEC 27000 ezinụlọ nke ụkpụrụ, tinyere 27002 (na mbụ 17799)
  • BS 7901 maka ugbo ala ihe mgbake na akpoghari ugboala
  • Usoro omume BS 7909 maka sistemu eletriki nwa oge maka ihe ntụrụndụ na ebumnuche metụtara ya
  • BS 7919 Electric cables. Flexible cables rated up to 450/750V, for use with appliances and equipment intended for industrial and similar environments
  • BS 7910 ndu maka uzo maka inyocha nnabata nke ihe nzuzu
  • BS 7925 Nyocha software
  • BS 7971 Uwe nchekwa na akụrụngwa maka eji eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ na ọzụzụ
  • BS 8110 maka ihe owuwu
  • BS 8233 Ntuziaka banyere mkpuchi mkpuchi na mbelata mkpọtụ ụlọ
  • BS 8484 maka inye aka ngwaọrụ eji arụ ọrụ
  • BS 8485 maka njirimara na mmezi nke gas sitere na mmepe metụtara
  • BS 8494 maka ịchọpụta na ịtụpụta carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ sistem
  • BS 8888 maka ịbịaru injinịa na nkọwapụta ngwaahịa ọrụ aka
  • BS 15000 maka njikwa ọrụ IT, (ITIL), ugbu a ISO / IEC 20000
  • BS 3G 101 maka ihe ndi mmadu choro maka igwe ugbo elu na ihe ngosi nke ikuku
  • BS EN 12195 ijide ihe eji ebu ihe.
  • BS EN 60204 Nchekwa igwe

Akwụkwọ PAS

BSI na-ebipụtakwa usoro nke PAS akwụkwọ.

Akwụkwọ PAS bụ usoro mmepe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma dịkwa ọsọ ọsọ nke mepere emepe niile. PAS bụ ọrụ nkwado nke na-enye ndị otu ohere ime mgbanwe na ngwa ngwa nke ọkọlọtọ ma na-enyekwa ikike ka ogo njikwa mmepe akwụkwọ ahụ. Developmentdị oge mmepe maka PAS dị ọnwa isii rue ọnwa isii. Ozugbo BSI bipụtara PAS nwere arụmọrụ niile nke ọkọlọtọ British maka ebumnuche nke ịmepụta atụmatụ dịka usoro njikwa na akara aka ngwaahịa yana usoro omume. A PAS bụ akwụkwọ dị ndụ na mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, a ga-enyocha akwụkwọ a na mkpebi ya na onye ahịa ya maka ma a ga-ebute nke a ka ọ bụrụ ọkọlọtọ Britain. Okwu PAS bu mmalite acronym nke eweputara na "nkwekorita nkwado ngwaahịa", aha nke mechara gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ "nkọwapụta nke ọha na eze". Otú ọ dị, dị ka BSI si kwuo, ọ bụghị akwụkwọ PAS niile ka ahaziri dị ka nkọwa na okwu ahụ zuru oke ugbu a ka ọ ghara ịchọ mmụba ọzọ.

atụ

  • PAS 78: Ntuziaka maka ime ezi omume mgbe ị na-enyere webusaiti aka inweta
  • PAS 72 Ọrụ Azụ - Nkọwapụta nke ezi omume maka ụgbọ mmiri
  • PAS 77 IT njigide njikwa ọrụ omume
  • PAS 82 shopfitting na nkwekọrịta n’ime. Ntuziaka njikwa sistemụ
  • Nkọwa PAS 100
  • Ngosipụta PAS 101 maka iko ikotara agbake
  • Ntuziaka PAS 102 maka iko a haziri ahazi maka azụmaahịa ikpeazụ nke ahọpụtara
  • Nchịkọta ihe eji ekpofu ahiri plastik
  • Ntughari PAS 104 nke eji eme ulo ihe eji eme ihe
  • PAS 105 enwetara nchacha akwụkwọ na ogo. Usoro nke omume
  • PAS 777 Nkowa maka ntozu na akara nke ugboala eji eme ihe na ihe nnyefe ihe omuma ndi ozo
  • PAS 911 Atụmatụ ọkụ - nduzi na usoro maka nhazi ha

nnweta

Copies of British Standards are sold at the BSI Online Shop or can be accessed via subscription to British Standards Online (BSOL). They can also be ordered via the publishing units of many other national standards bodies (ANSI, DIN, etc.) and from several specialized suppliers of technical specifications.

Standkpụrụ Britain, gụnyere nkuchi European na nke mba niile dị n'ọtụtụ ọba akwụkwọ na nke ọha na-akwụ ụgwọ na usoro BSOL. Ndị ode akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi na mahadum ndị na-edebanye aha na UK nwere ikike nnweta zuru oke maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ike idetuo / mado ma bipụta mana enweghị nbudata ọkọlọtọ. Ruo 10% nke ọdịnaya nke ọkọlọtọ nwere ike idetuo / edetuo maka ojiji nkeonwe ma ọ bụ nke ime ya wee ruo 5% nke mkpokọta emere ka ọ bụrụ nchịkọta akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ eletriki na mahadum na-atụ ụtụ. N'ihi na ha ọmụma ihe onwunwe ọnọdụ ụkpụrụ adịghị maka ịgbazinye ego interlibrary. Ndị ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na UK nwere ike ịnwe ike BSOL na nlele naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ ha kwenye na sistemụ BSOL. Ndị ọrụ nwekwara ike ịnwe ike ịnweta nchịkọta ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere kaadị ebe a na-akwụ ụgwọ ọfụma ma ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ na-enye ohere dị nchebe maka ihe ha.

The BSI Knowledge Centre in Chiswick can be contacted directly about viewing standards in their Members’ Reading Room.

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