PET

Polyethylene terephthalate (mgbe ụfọdụ edere ede (etylene terephthalate)), na-edebiri ọtụtụ ihe PET, Pete, ma ọ bụ PETP ma ọ bụ PET-P ga-abụkarị ihe a na-ahụkarị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ polima resin nke polyester Ejiri ya na eriri maka akwa, igbe maka ihe ọ andụ foodsụ na nri, thermoforming maka imepụta, yana ijikọta ya na iko iko maka resins injinịa.

Ọ nwekwara ike na-ezo aka ya site aha njirimara Dacron; na Britain, Terylene; ma ọ bụ, na Russia na ebe bụbu Soviet Union, Lavsan.

Imirikiti nke PET nke ụwa bụ maka ihe eji emepụta sịntetik (karịa 60%), na ntinye karama maka ihe dịka 30% nke ọchịchọ ụwa. N'ihe banyere ngwa textile, a na-akpọ PET aha ya, polyester, ebe acronym PET a na-ejikarị ihe metụtara nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Polyester mejupụtara ihe dịka 18% nke mmepụta polymer ụwa ma bụrụkwa nke anọ emepụtara polima; polyethylene(Pee), polypropylene (PP) na chloride polyvinyl (PVC) bụ nke mbụ, nke abụọ na nke atọ.

PET mejupụtara polymerized nkeji nke monomer ethylene terephthalate, yana ugboro ugboro (C₁₀H₈O₄) nkeji. A na - emegharịkarị PET, ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ 1 dị ka akara njigharị ya.

Dabere na nhazi ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ikuku, polyethylene terephthalate nwere ike ịdị ma dịka amorphous (transperent) yana dịka polymer-kristal ọkara. Ihe semicrystalline nwere ike ịpụta transperent (urughuru size <500 nm) ma ọ bụ opaque na-acha ọcha (urughuru nke ruo ole na ole micrometers) dabere na ya kristal Ọdịdị na urughuru size. Onye monomer ya bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate enwere ike ịhazi site na echichi mmeghachi omume n'etiti acid na ọka ethcolne ya na mmiri dị ka mmiri nnụnụ, ma ọ bụ site na ntụgharị asụsụ mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọka ethcolne na dimethyl tereftahalate na methanol dị ka a byproduct. Polymerization bụ site na a polycondensation mmeghachi omume nke ndị ahịa (emere ozugbo ihe nyochachara / transesterification) ka mmiri dị ka mmịpụta.

aha
Aha IUPAC Poly (ethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate)
Ndị na-eme nchọpụta
CAS Number	25038-59-9
edebiri	PITA, PITA
Properties
Chemical usoro	(C10H8O4)n
Oke molar	agbanwe
njupụta	1.38 g / cm3 (20 Celsius C), amorphous: 1.370 g / cm3, otu kristal: 1.455 g / cm3
agbaze ebe	> 250 Celsius, 260 Celsius
esi ebe	> 350 Celsius C (decomposes)
Solubility na mmiri	fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara insoluble
Omume nke na-ahụ maka ahụike	0.15 ruo 0.24 W m-1 K-1
Ntughari ihe omuma(nD)	1.57-1.58, 1.5750
Usoro ọgwụgwọ
Ezigbo ike ikpo oku (C)	1.0 kJ / (n'arọ · K)
Ihe njikọta njikọta
njikọ Monom	Terephthalic acid Ngwunye glycol
Ewezuga ebe ndị ọzọ edepụtara, enyere data maka ihe ndị dị na ha steeti ọkọlọtọ (na 25 Celsius C [77 ° F], 100 kPa).

ojiji

Maka PET bụ mmiri dị mma na ihe mgbochi mmiri, a na-eji karama plastik ndị sitere na PET mee ihe maka mmiri ọ softụ softụ dị nro (lee carbonation). Maka ụfọdụ karama ọpụrụiche, dị ka ndị a họpụtara maka ijide biya, PET sandwiches ọzọ polyvinyl mmanya (PVOH) iji belata ikuku oxygen.

PETETIYA na-achọsi ike na PET ihe nkiri (nke otu n'ime aha ahia ya na-akpọkarị, "Mylar") nwere ike ịme ka ọ pụta ìhè site na ịmịpụta ihe nkiri dị nro nke ọla n'elu ya iji belata ntụgharị ya, na ime ka ọ bụrụ nke na-egosipụta na opaqueMPET). Ngwongwo ndị a bara uru n'ọtụtụ ngwa, gụnyere nri na-agbanwe agbanwe nkwakọ na mkpuchi ihe ọkụ. Lee: “blanket oghere“. N'ihi ike ya dị elu, a na-ejikarị ihe nkiri PET arụ ọrụ na teepu, dị ka ụgbọelu maka teepu magnetik ma ọ bụ nkwado maka teepu nrapado nke nwere nrụgide

Mpempe akwụkwọ PET na-abụghị akụkụ nwere ike ịdị na-ekpo ọkụ iji mee ngwungwu trays na paịlị. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri PET kristalia mee ihe, a pụrụ iji trays ahụ maka nri abalị na-ajụ oyi, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-eguzogide ma okpomoku ma ikuku ọkụ. N'adịghị ka amorphous PET, nke pụtara ìhè, PET ma ọ bụ CPET na-eti mkpu nwere agba ojii na agba.

Mgbe ejiri fụlawa ma ọ bụ akwara jupụta n’ime ya, ọ na-aghọ nke siri ike ma na-adigide.

A na - eji PET eme ihe dị ka mkpụrụ nye obere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nkiri dị na mbara igwe.

A na-atụgharị Terylene na eriri udo na mgbịrịgba iji nyere aka gbochie iyi na ụdọ ahụ ka ha na-agafe n'uko ahụ.

History

Ọ bụ John Rex Whinfield, James Tennant Dickson na onye were ha n'ọrụ bụ Calico Printers 'Association nke Manchester, England, mere ka nke a bụrụ penti na 1941. EI DuPont de Nemours na Delaware, USA, bu ụzọ jiri ụghalaahia Mylar na June 1951 wee nata aha ya na 1952. Ọ ka bụ aha a kacha mara amara eji ihe nkiri polyester. Ugbu a onye nwe akara ahụ bụ DuPont Teijin Films US, mmekorita ya na otu ụlọ ọrụ Japan.

Na Soviet Union, ebu ụzọ mepụta PET na laboratories nke Institute of High-Molecular Compounds nke USSR Academy of Sciences na 1949, aha ya bụ "Lavsan" bụ acronym (laоратории Института вsyokomolekulyarnыh сnke ukwuu А.адемии нСССРу СССР).

Kalama PET ejiri ikike nke edere ya na 1973 site n’aka Nathaniel Wyeth.

Njirimara nke anụ ahụ

PET dị na steeti ya bụ agba na-enweghị ntụ, ọkara kristal. Dabere n'otú esi ahazi ya, PET nwere ike ịbụ nke isiike na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ dịkwa fechaa. Ọ na - eme ka ezigbo ikuku na ikuku mmiri dị mma, yana ezigbo mgbochi mmanya (chọrọ ọgwụgwọ "mgbochi" ọzọ) na ihe mgbaze. Ọ dị ike ma na-eguzogide mmetụta. PET na-acha ọcha mgbe ekpughere ya na chloroform yana ụfọdụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dịka toluene.

Ihe dị ka 60% crystallization bụ oke kachasị maka ngwaahịa azụmaahịa, ewezuga eriri nke polyester. Enwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa doro anya site na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa awara awara ngwa ngwa n'okpuru T_g iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ na-etolite amorphous siri ike. Dị ka iko, amorphous PET na-etolite mgbe a na-enyeghị ụmụ irighiri ya oge zuru oke iji dozie onwe ha n'usoro n'usoro, kristal dị ka agbazere oyi. N’ime ụlọ okpomọkụ, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ na-eme ka oyi kpọnwụrụ, ma, ọ bụrụ na eweghachite ume ọkụ zuru oke n’ime ha site na ikpo oku n’elu T_g, ha na-amalite ịkwaga ọzọ, na-ekwe ka kristal mepụta nucleates ma too. A maara usoro a dịka mkpu sitere na steeti siri ike.

Mgbe enyere ya iji nwayọ nwayọ, polymer a wụrụ awụ na-akpụpụta ihe ndị ọzọ kristal. Ihe a nwere ndị spherulites nwere ọtụtụ obere kristal mgbe kristal sitere na amorphous siri ike, kama imeputa otu kristal buru ibu. Ìhè na-agbasasị ebe ọ na-agafe ókè n'etiti kristal na mpaghara amorphous dị n'etiti ha. Scatchụsasị a pụtara PET na-acha uhie uhie bụ opaque ma dị ọcha n'ọtụtụ oge. Drawingme ihe eji eme fiber so na usoro ulo oru ole na ole na - emeputa ihe di otu kristal.

Viscosity intrinsic

Otu n'ime njirimara PET kachasi mkpa bụ viscosity nke dị n’ime ahụ (IV).

Viscosity nke ihe dị n'ime ahụ, achọpụtara site na ndọtị ruo n'obere efu nke anya viscosity na ntinye nke a na-atụ na ihe ndozi kwa gram (dℓ / g). Viscosity intrinsic dabere n'ogologo nke ụdọ polymer ya mana enweghị ngalaba n'ihi nsonyezụ ya na efu. Ogologo polymer na - agbanye ogologo ọnya dị n'agbata agbụ ma yabụ viscosity dị elu. Ogologo ogologo nke otu resin nwere ike ịchịkwa n'oge polycondensation.

Mpaghara anya PET dị omimi:

Ọkwa Fiber

0.40-0.70 Ete

0.72-0.98 Teknụzụ, eriri taya

Nkiri ọkwa

0.60-0.70 AKW .KWỌ (biaxially oria PET)

0.70–1.00 mpempe akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ maka na-ekpo ọkụ

Nkpuru okpu

0.70-0.78 karama mmiri (ewepụghị)

0.78-0.85 Carbonated soft drinks juice

Monofilament, plastic injinịa

1.00-2.00

Icha

PET bụ hygroscopic, nke pụtara na ọ na-amịrị mmiri gburugburu ya. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a “keguru mmiri” PET na-ahụ na-ewe iwe dị ọkụ, mmiri ahụ hydrolyzes PET, na-ebelata ike ya. Ya mere, tupu enwee ike idozi resini na igwe na-akpụzi, ọ ga-akpọnwụ. A na-enweta mkpo nkụ site na iji nke a achoro ma ọ bụ ndị na-eme nkụ tupu etinye PET n'ime ngwaọrụ nhazi.

N’ime draya ahụ, a na-agbapụta ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n’ime ala nke hopper nwere resin ka o wee si na pellets ahụ na-asọpụta, na-ewepụ mmiri mmiri n’ụzọ ya. Ikuku mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ahapụ elu nke hopper ma na-ebu ụzọ na-agba ọsọ site na ihe nju oyi, n'ihi na ọ dị mfe iwepu mmiri si ikuku oyi karịa ikuku ọkụ. Ikuku mmiri na-esi na ya apụta na-agafezi akwa ndina. N'ikpeazụ, ikuku ikuku dị jụụ na-ahapụ akwa akwa ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ na usoro nhazi ma zighachi ya site na otu usoro na akaghị emechi. Otutu, mmiri nke mmiri fọdụrụ na resin ahụ ga-erughị akụkụ 50 kwa nde (akụkụ mmiri kwa otu nde akụkụ nke resin, site na ibu) tupu ha arụ ọrụ. Oge ezumike draya ekwesịghị ịdị mkpụmkpụ karịa elekere anọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ihicha ihe na-erughị awa 4 ga-achọ ọnọdụ okpomọkụ karịa 160 Celsius C, na ọkwa nke hydrolysis ga-amalite n’ime akwa tupu ha akpọnwụọ.

PET nwekwara ike kpọnwụọ na draịja ikuku resin. Ndị ọkpọ nkụ a na-amanye ọkụ anaghị ejighachi ikuku akpọ nkụ. Akọrọ, ikuku a na-eme ka mmiri dị ọkụ na-ekesa site na PET pellets dị ka ọ dị na igwe na-akpọ nkụ, wee hapụ ikuku.

Ndị uwe ojii

Na mgbakwunye na dị ọcha (onye na -akpọ homopolymer) PET, PET gbanwetụrụ site na copolymerization dị kwa.

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ihe ndị gbanwetụrụ copolymer na-achọsi ike maka otu ngwa. Ọmụmaatụ, Cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) enwere ike itinye ya na azumazu polymer n'ọnọdụ nke ọka ethcolne. Ebe ọ bụ na ngọngọ ụlọ a buru ibu (mkpụrụ carbon carbon 6 ọzọ) karịa nke ethylene glycol ọ na-anọchi, ọ dabaghị na agbụ ndị agbata obi dịka otu ethylene glycol unit ga-adị. Nke a na - emetụta mkpuchi mkpuchi ma wedata ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke polymer. Na mkpokọta, a maara PETG ma ọ bụ PET-G (Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-gbanwetụrụ; Eastman Chemical, SK Chemicals, na Artenius Italia bụ ụfọdụ ndị nrụpụta PETG). PETG bụ thermoplastic amorphous doro anya nke nwere ike ịmịnye ọgwụ ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ. Enwere ike ịcha ya n'oge nhazi.

Ihe ọzọ na-ahụkarị bụ acid na adighi ike, dochie ụfọdụ n'ime 1,4- (ihe atụ) jikọtara terefta nkeji. Nke 1,2- (ortho-) ma ọ bụ 1,3- (ihe mgbaru ọsọ-) Njikọ njikọ na - arụpụta akụkụ n'ime olu, nke na - akpatakwa mkpuke.

Codị copolymers ndị a bara uru maka ụfọdụ ịkpụzi, dịka na-ekpo ọkụ, nke eji dika iji mee ihe eji eme ihe eji akpa ma ọ bụ na-acha uhie uhie na fim co-PET, ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ PET amorphous (A-PET) ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ PETG. N’aka nke ozo, iti mkpu di nkpa na ngwa ndi ozo ebe nkwonkwo na nha di nkpa, di ka eriri oche. Maka karama PET, iji obere sọfthalic acid, CHDM, Diethylene glycol (DEG) ma ọ bụ comonomers ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịba uru: ọ bụrụ na ejiri naanị obere comonomers, a na - eji nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ ma ọ dịghị egbochi ya kpamkpam. N'ihi ya, a ga-enweta karama site na gbukwaa ịkpụ akpụ ("SBM"), nke doro anya na nke zuru oke iji bụrụ ezigbo ihe mgbochi na aromas na ọbụna gas, dị ka carbon dioxide na ihe ọ carbonụ carbonụ carbonated.

Production

A na-emepụta polyethylene terephthalate site na ọka ethcolne na dimethyl tereftahalate (C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₃)₂) ma ọ bụ acid.

Ihe mbu bu ntụgharị asụsụ mmeghachi omume, ebe nke ikpeazụ bụ echichi mmeghachi omume.

Usoro Dimethyl terephthalate

In dimethyl tereftahalate usoro, a onyinye na ngafe ethylene glycol na-mere na gbazee na 150-200 Celsius C na a ihe nkasi. methanol (CH₃OH) wepu ya site na distillation iji mee ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu. Ngafe ethylene glycol na-ewepụ na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa site na enyemaka nke agụụ. Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ transesterification na-aga na 270-280 Celsius C, na-aga n'ihu distillation nke ethylene glycol yana.

Mmeghachi omume ndị ahụ dị ka ndị a:

Nzọụkwụ mbụ

C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₃)₂ + 2 OLỌ₂CH₂OH → C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ + 2 Ch₃OH

Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ

n C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ [(CO) C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + n HOCH₂CH₂OH

Usoro acid Terephthalic

na acid usoro, esterification nke ethylene glycol na terephthalic acid na-eduzi ozugbo na nrụgide dị oke (ogwe 2.7-5.5) na ọnọdụ dị elu (220-260 Celsius C). A na-ekpochapụ mmiri na mmeghachi omume, a na-ewepụkwa ya site na distillation:

n C₆H₄(CO.)₂H)₂ + n HOCH₂CH₂OH → [(CO) C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + 2n H₂O

Mgbada

PET na-edokwasị ụdị mmebi dị iche iche n'oge a na-eme nhazi. Ihe ndị kachasị njọ nwere ike ime bụ hydrolytic, ma eleghị anya kachasị mkpa, sọlfọ nke ikuku. Mgbe PET mebiri emebi, ọtụtụ ihe na - eme: mmpọpụta, olu scission na - ebute mbelata nke akpụ akpụ akpụ akpụ, guzobe nke ihe acetaldehyde, na ogwegwe (“Gel” ma ọ bụ “azụ anya”). Achọpụta ihe bụ n'ihi nhazi nke usoro chromophoric dị iche iche na-eso ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge na ogo dị elu. Nke a na - abụ nsogbu mgbe ngwa anya nke polymer dị oke, dịka na ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Mbibi nke thermal na thermooxidative na-ebute njirimara nhazi na arụmọrụ nke ihe ahụ.

Otu ụzọ isi belata nke a bụ iji kopolymer. Comonomers dịka CHDM ma ọ bụ acid na adighi ike belata agbaze ma belata ogo nke PET (ọkachasị dị mkpa mgbe ejiri ihe eji eme karama). Ya mere, enwere ike ịkpụgharị resin na obere okpomọkụ na / ma ọ bụ jiri ike dị ala. Nke a na - enyere aka igbochi mbibi, na - ebelata acetaldehyde ọdịnaya nke ngwaahịa ahụ emechara ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa a na - anabata (ya bụ, anaghị ele anya). Lee kopolymer, n’elu. Wayzọ ọzọ iji kwalite nkwụsi ike nke polima bụ iji ndị na-eme ka ihe kwụsie ike, ọkachasị ọgwụ antioxidants dịka phosphites. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, atumatu na -eme ka ogo ihe ndị sitere na kemịkalụ emechara ngwa ngwa.

Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde bụ ihe na-enweghị ntụpọ, nke na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere isi mkpụrụ osisi. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-etolite na ụfọdụ mkpụrụ osisi, ọ nwere ike ibute ihe na-adịghị atọ ụtọ na mmiri mmiri. Acetaldehyde na-etolite site na mbibi nke PET site na ijizi ihe. Igwe dị elu (PET decomposes karịa 300 Celsius C ma ọ bụ 570 Celsius F), nrụgide dị elu, ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ (oke ịkwa osisi na-ebuli ọnọdụ okpomọkụ), na oge obibi ogologo ogologo niile na-enye aka na mmepụta nke acetaldehyde. Mgbe emepụtara acetaldehyde, ụfọdụ n'ime ya na-anọgide na-agbaze na mgbidi nke akpa wee agbasa n'ime ngwaahịa echekwara n'ime, na-agbanwe uto na okpukpo. Nke a abụghị nsogbu dị otú ahụ maka ndị na-adịghị ere ere (dị ka shampoo), maka mmiri mkpụrụ (nke nwere Acetaldehyde ugbua), ma ọ bụ maka ihe ọ -ụ drinksụ siri ike dị ka ihe ọ drinksụ softụ dị nro. Maka mmiri a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ, agbanyeghị, ọdịnaya acetaldehyde dị ala dị oke mkpa, n'ihi na, ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla na-esi ísì ụtọ, ọbụlagodi ihe dị ala (akụkụ 10-20 kwa ijeri mmiri) nke acetaldehyde nwere ike imepụta ihe uto.

Antimony

Antimony (Sb) bu ​​ihe eji eme ihe bu ihe ndi ozo n’ime ihe ndi ozo dika Nke atọ bụ antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) ma ọ bụ antimony triacetate na mmepụta PET. Mgbe emechara, enwere ike ịhụ ọgwụ mgbochi n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ. Enwere ike wepu nsị a site na nhicha. Antimony ka nogide n’ahia n’onwe ya, ike, si, megharia na nri na mmanya. Exkpanye PET ka esi esi mmiri ma ọ bụ igwe microwaving nwere ike ime ka ọkwa nke antimony dịkwuo elu, ikekwe karịa ọkwa USEPA kachasị emetọ. A limitụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ nke WHO tụlere bụ akụkụ 20 kwa ijeri (WHO, 2003), oke ị theụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na USA bụ akụkụ 6 kwa ijeri. Ọ bụ ezie na antimony trioxide bụ nke obere nsí mgbe a na-eji ọnụ ekwu ya, ọnụnọ ya ka na-echegbu onwe ya. Ndị Switzerland Federal Office of Health Public nyochara ọnụọgụ nke mwakpo mgbochi, na-atụnyere mmiri na-agbanye na PET na iko: Ihe mgbochi mmiri nke mmiri na karama PET dị elu, mana ọ ka dịkarịa ala karịa ohere kachasị. Swisslọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Ọha na Switzerland nke Switzerland kwubiri na obere mgbochi mmiri na-esi na PET pụọ na mmiri mmiri, mana na nsogbu ahụike nke nsonaazụ dị ala bụ ihe na-adịghị mma (1% nke "anagide oriri kwa ụbọchị”Nke WHO). A mechara (2006) mana mgbasa ozi a na-agbasawanye ebe niile chọtara ọgwụ mgbochi mmiri na karama PET. Hastù WHO ebipụtala ihe nyocha nke ihe egwu maka mmiri ọgwụ na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ.

Ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ mkpụrụ osisi na-etinye uche (nke enweghị ụkpụrụ ọ bụla), agbanyeghị, nke emere ma kpoo ya na PET na UK ka ọ nwere ihe ruru 44.7 µg / L nke antimony, karịa nke EU maka kpoo mmiri nke 5 µg / L.

Biodegradation

nocardia nwere ike jiri enzyme esterase wedata PET.

Ndị sayensị Japan wepụrụ nje na-akpata Ideonella sakaiensis nke nwere enzymes abụọ nwere ike imebi PET n'ime obere iberibe nke nje na-agbari. Ọchịchị nke I. sakasiensis nwere ike itisa ihe nkiri plastik n’ime ihe dị ka izu isii.

Safety

Nkọwa bipụtara na Ahụike Ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi n’ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010 tụrụ aro ka PET kwenye ndị na-akpata ọgba aghara endocrine n'okpuru ọnọdụ iji mee ihe na nyocha a tụrụ aro maka isiokwu a. Usoro ụzọ atụpụtara gunyere nkuzi nke phthalates yana nkuzi nke mgbochi. Edere ederede na Journal of Monitoring gburugburu ebe obibi na Eprel 2012 mechiri nkwanye ùgwù ahụ na mmiri deionized echekwara na karama PET na-anọ n'ime oke nkwado EU ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na echekwara obere oge na okpomọkụ ruo 60 Celsius C (140 Celsius F), ebe ọdịnaya dị n'ime (mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ọ drinksụ softụ dị nro) nwere ike oge ụfọdụ gafere oke EU mgbe ihe na-erughị otu afọ nke nchekwa na ụlọ okpomọkụ.

Ngwunye eji arụ ọrụ

Enwere ụzọ eji akpụ akpụ ụzọ abụọ maka karama PET, otu nzọ na nzọụkwụ abụọ. N’ime nhazi okpukpu abụọ, a na-eji igwe igwe abụọ dị iche. Igwe izizi nke mbụ na-akpụ ụdọ ahụ, nke yiri akpa a na-anwale ya, yana eriri ndị nwere karama a na-akpụzi. Ahụ nke ọkpọ ahụ dị oke mkpumkpu, ebe ọ ga-abata n'ụdị ikpeazụ ya na usoro nke abụọ iji gbukwaa ịkpụ akpụ.

Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ, a na-ewepụta preforms ahụ ngwa ngwa wee bute amamịghe abụọ n'akụkụ iji mepụta ha n'ụdị ikpeazụ nke karama ahụ. A na-ejikwa preforms (karama na-enweghị mmiri) dị ka arịa siri ike na arịa pụrụ iche; ewezuga kandụl na-enweghị isi, ụfọdụ isi Red Cross na-ekesa ya dịka akụkụ nke mmemme Vial nke Ndụ nye ndị nwe ụlọ iji chekwaa akụkọ banyere ahụike ahụ maka ndị azịza mberede. Ihe ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka preforms bụ arịa dị na mpụga ọrụ Geocaching.

N'ime igwe otu, a na-eme usoro ahụ niile site na akụrụngwa ruo na igbe rụchara n'ime otu igwe, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ịkpụzi ụdị ndị na-enweghị ọkọlọtọ (ịkpụzi ọdịnala), gụnyere ite, oval larịị, ụdị flask wdg. mbelata oghere, njikwa ngwaahịa na ike, na ọhụhụ ngosipụta dị elu karịa nke sistemụ nzọụkwụ abụọ ga-enweta.

Yelọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nhugharị polyester

N’afọ 2016, emepụtara na nde PET 56 nke PET na-emepụta kwa afọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ thermoplastics nwere ike, n'ụkpụrụ, ịmegharịgharị, Ntughari PET bara uru karịa ọtụtụ ngwa plastik ndị ọzọ n'ihi ịdị elu nke resin na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ojiji PET maka mmiri a na-eji ebe niile na karama mmanya na-egbu egbu. PET nwere koodu njikwa resin nke 1. Isi ihe eji eme ihe maka PET a na-eji eme ihe bụ polyester eriri, eriri ukwu, na arịa ndị na-abụghị nri.

N'ihi nwughari nke PET na ọnụ ọgụgụ bara ụba nke mkpofu onye na-azụ ahịa n'ụdị karama, PET na-enweta ngwa ngwa ahịa dị ka eriri kapeeti. Hawlọ ọrụ Mohawk weputara wegharia 1999 na 100% ihe ndi eji emeghari ihe eji eme ihe. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-agbanyelarị karama karama 17 na eriri kapeeti. Pharr Yarns, onye na-ebunye ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta kapeeti gụnyere Looptex, Dobbs Mills, na Berkshire Flooring, na - emepụta ihe nchekwa nke BCF (akwa na - aga n'ihu) PET kapeeti okpokoro nke nwere ihe di n'ime 25% nke ihe eji eme ihe.

PET, dịkwa ka ọ dị na ọtụtụ plastik, bụkwa ezigbo nwa akwukwo maka mkpofu ọkụ (nsonye), dị ka ọ mejupụtara carbon, hydrogen, na oxygen, na-enwe naanị ọnụọgụ nke ihe ndị na - eme ka ihe mgbapụta (mana sọlfọ). PET nwere ume nke iron dị nro.

Mgbe ị na-emegharị polyethylene terephthalate ma ọ bụ PET ma ọ bụ polyester, n'ozuzu ụzọ abụọ ga-adị iche:

1. Nchịcha kemịkalụ azụ na ngwaọrụ nke mbụ dị ọcha acid (PTA) ma ọ bụ dimethyl tereftahalate (DMT) na ọka ethcolne (EG) ebe ibibi polymer kpamkpam, ma obu n’usoro n’etiti dika bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate
2. Nmegharị ihe eji arụ ọrụ ebe ana - echekwa ma ọ bụ na - ejigharị ihe ndị mbụ polymer na - arụ ọrụ.

Ntughari kemịkalụ nke PET ga-aghọ nke na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma naanị na-eji ihe ndị ga-emegharị ihe karịrị 50,000 tọn afọ. Enwere ike ịhụ ahịrị ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụrụ na niile, n'ime saịtị ndị na - emepụta polyester buru ibu. Ọtụtụ mbọ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ iji mepụta ụdị ihe ọkụkụ kemịkal a n'oge gara aga mana enweghị ezigbo ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọbụna iji nwetaghachi kemịkal na-ekwe nkwa na Japan abụrụla ihe ndị mepere emepe ruo ugbu a. Ihe abụọ kpatara nke a bụ: na mbido, ihe isi ike nke karama ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-aga n'ihu na-agbanye nnukwu ọnụ n'otu ebe, na, na nke abụọ, ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu na ọnụ ahịa karama ndị a na-enweta. Ọnụ ahịa nke karama a gbara agba mụbara dịka ọmụma n'etiti afọ 2000 na 2008 site na ihe dị ka Euro 50 / ton ruo ihe karịrị 500 Euro / ton na 2008.

A na - arụ ọrụ nrụgharị ma ọ bụ mgbasa nke PET na steeti polymeric n'ọtụtụ ụdị dịgasị iche iche taa. Kindsdị usoro ndị a bụ ụdị nke ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ obere. Enwere ike iji ihe ọkụkụ nweta ike ịrụpụta ihe ga -eme ka ọnụego 5000 - 20,000 ruo afọ / afọ. N’ụdị nke a, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị nzaghagharị arụgharị-agagharị na mgbasa akụrụngwa ga-ekwe omume taa. A na-atụle usoro usoro ịtọgharị ihe ndị a na-esote n'omume.

E wezụga mmeru kemịkal na mbibi Ngwaahịa ndị emepụtara n'oge nhazi mbụ na ojiji, ihe nrụpụta arụmọrụ na-anọchite anya akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịdị mma nke na-esite na mmiri adịghị mma. A na-amalitebata ihe ndị eji emegharị emegharị n'ime usoro ndị n'ichepụta ihe, nke emere ka ọ bụrụ maka ihe ọhụrụ. Yabụ, usoro ịhazi ihe dị mma, nkewa na nhicha nhicha kacha mkpa maka polyester ndị eji emegharịgharị ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Mgbe anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ụlọ ọrụ mkpogharị ọgwụ polyester, anyị na-elekwasị anya karị na mkpụgharị mmiri nke PET, nke a na-eji maka ụdị nchịkọta mmiri dị ka mmiri, ihe ọ softụ carbonụ dị ụtọ, ihe ọ juụ ,ụ, biya, ahịhịa, ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, mmiri ọgwụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Karama dị mfe ịmata ọdịiche n'ihi ọdịdị na nnọgidesi ike na iche iche na iyi mmiri rọba ma ọ bụ site na iji aka na aka. Industrylọ ọrụ ahụ mepere emebi polụster mejupụtara ngalaba atọ dị mkpa:

• Nchikota PET na mkpo ahihia: ahihia ihe
• Mmepụta nke flakes kalama dị ọcha: mmepụta flake
• Ngbanwe nke PET flakes na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ: nhazi flake

Ngwaahịa di na etiti site na nkebi nke mbu ka aburu mkpo ahiri ahihia nke ihe PET kariri 90%. Tradingdị azụmaahịa a na-ahụkarị bụ ngwa ngwa ma a na-akụkwa ya ma ọ bụ na-agbada, karama ndị a na-egbu egbu bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ahịa. Na ngalaba nke abụọ, a na-agbanwe karama ndị anakọtara ka ha wee jiri flakes karama PET ọcha. Nzọụkwụ a nwere ike ịbụ karịa ma ọ bụ obere ma nwee mgbagwoju anya dabere na ogo flake ikpeazụ achọrọ. N'ime usoro nke atọ, a na-edozi flakes kalama PET na ụdị ngwaahịa dị ka ihe nkiri, karama, eriri, filament, eriri ma ọ bụ etiti dị ka pells maka inwekwu nhazi na plastik injin.

Agbakwunyere ihe nhugharị azụmazụ polyester dị na mpụga, ọnụọgụ nke usoro ihe eji eme ihe (nke tupu ere ahịa), ebe ihe polymer ahụ mebiri emebi anaghị apụ na saịtị mmepụta ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ahịa efu, na-eji ya emegharị ọzọ na otu mmepụta. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-emegharị ihe mkpofu ngwa ngwa iji mepụta eriri, a na-emegharị ihe mkpofu ozugbo iji mepụta preforms, ma na-emezigharị ihe nkiri ozugbo iji mepụta fim.

Ntughari PET

Ọcha na mmerụ

Ọganiihu echiche nwugharịrị ọ bụla zoro ezo na arụmọrụ ọcha na nhichapụ ebe dị mma n'oge a na - ahazi ya ruo mgbe achọrọ ma ọ bụ chọrọ.

Na mkpokọta, ihe ndị a metụtara: A na-ewepụ ihe ndị mbụ a na - ahụ maka ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na a na-eme nke a karịa, usoro a ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karị.

Ndi di elu Plasticizer okpomọkụ nke PET na nso 280 ° C (536 ° F) bụ ihe kpatara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị adịghị ọcha niile dị ka PVC, PLA, polyolefin, kemịkalụ osisi ya na eriri akwụkwọ, ihe polyvinyl acetate, gbazee nzere, ndị na-acha agba, shuga, na protein residues na-agbanwe n'ime agba mbibi ngwaahịa na, n'aka nke ha, nwere ike hapụ na mgbakwunye reactive ngwaahịa. Mgbe ahụ, ọnụọgụ ntụpọ nke polymer na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ngwurugwu nkesa nke adịghị ọcha dị oke obosara, nnukwu ihe nke 60-1000 µm-nke a na-ahụ anya site na anya gba ọtọ ma dị mfe nza-na-anọchite anya obere ihe ọjọọ, ebe ọ bụ na mkpokọta ha niile pere mpe na mbibi mbibi bụ ya mere dị ala. Mmetụta nke microscopic particles, nke -n'ihi na ha dị ọtụtụ- na-abawanye ugboro ole ntụpọ na polymer, bụ nke ka ukwuu.

A na-ewere ụkpụrụ bụ "Ihe anya na-adịghị ahụ obi agaghị enwe ike iru újú" dị ka ihe dị oke mkpa n'ọtụtụ usoro mmegharị. Ya mere, na mgbakwunye na nhazi nke ọma, mwepụ nke ahụ adịghị ọcha site na gbazee filtration na-arụ otu akụkụ na nke a.

Na mkpokọta, mmadụ nwere ike ikwu na usoro iji mee ka flake PET si na karama anakọtara dị ka ọtụtụ dị iche iche iyi mmiri dị iche iche na nhazi ha na ogo ha. N'iburu teknụzụ, ọ bụghị naanị otu ụzọ isi mee ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ injinia nke na-enye ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta flake na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ na-esikwa ike ikpebi otu ma ọ bụ ụdị osisi ọzọ. Ka o sina dị, enwere usoro ndị na-ekerịta ọtụtụ n'ime ụkpụrụ ndị a. Dabere na ngwakọta na adịghị ọcha nke ihe ntinye, a na-etinye usoro usoro izugbe ndị a n'ọrụ.

1. Emepe Bale, mmeghe oghere
2. Pịpụta na nhọrọ maka agba dị iche iche, ihe ndị si mba ọzọ ọkachasị PVC, ihe ndị mba ọzọ, mwepụ nke ihe nkiri, akwụkwọ, iko, ájá, ala, okwute na ọla.
3. -Sacha akwa na-enweghị ịkpụ
4. Ichapu ahihia na –eko ma obu jikọtara ya tupu ana - asa aru
5. Mwepụ nke nkume, iko, na ọla
6. Sigbọ elu iji wepu ihe nkiri, mpempe akwụkwọ na aha mmado
7. Igwe, na na / ma ọ bụ mmiri
8. Iwepu polymer dị ala (iko) site na ịdị iche iche
9. Na-asacha ahụ
10. Ust na-asa ahihia, na elu mmiri, na-ejide viscosity na arụrụala
11. Rinsing
12. Inscha mmiri dị ọcha
13. Icha
14. -Kpụcha ikuku nke flakes
15. Akpaaka flake ụdị
16. Sekit mmiri na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri
17. Njikwa ogo flake

Adịghị ọcha na ntụpọ ihe onwunwe

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọghọm nke adịghị ike ọ bụla na ọghọm nke ihe onwunwe na-agbakọ na polymeric na-abawanye kpamkpam - mgbe ị na-ahazi yana mgbe ị na-eji polymer - na-eburu n'uche oge ọrụ na-eto, na-amụba ngwa ikpeazụ na imegharị ihe ugboro ugboro. Banyere karama PET a na-emeghari emezi, enwere ike idozi ntụpọ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'otu ndị a:

1. A na - agbanwe ndị otu polyester OH- ma ọ bụ COOH- end dị ka ndị nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ ndị na - anaghị emeghachi omume, dịka ntanetị nke vinyl ester end groups site na mmiri akpọnwụọ ma ọ bụ imebi acid nke mmekpa ahụ, mmeghachi omume nke OH- ma ọ bụ COOH- end group nwere mbibi mono-functional. Ngwaahịa dịka mono-carbonic acid ma ọ bụ ahoụrụma. A na –ebelata nsonaazụ mmeghari ọrụ n'oge re-polycondensation ma ọ bụ re-SSP ma na - agbasa nkesa mkpụrụ ndụ.
2. Oge ngwụcha nke otu na-aga n'akụkụ ụzọ COOH dị iche iche e wulitere site na mmebi ikuku na ikuku. Nsonaazụ a na-ebelata na arụmọrụ, yana mmụba nke akpịrị acid autocatalytic n'oge ọgwụgwọ ọkụ n'ihu iru mmiri.
3. Onu ogugu macromolecules polyfunctional na-abawanye. Nchikota nke gels na ihe eji eji otutu ihe eme ihe.
4. Nọmba, ịta, na ụdị ihe dị na mba ọzọ na-apụtakarị ihe na ihe ndị ala ọzọ adịghị na ya. Site na nrụgide ọkụ ọhụụ, ihe ndị si mba ọzọ ga - eme site na mmebi. Nke a na - eme ka nnwere onwe nke ihe ndị ọzọ na - akwado mbibi na agba agba.
5. Hydroxide na peroxide dị iche iche na-ewulite elu nke ngwaahịa nke polyester mere n'ihu ikuku (oxygen) na iru mmiri. A na-eji usoro ultraviolet rụọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa. N’ime usoro ọgwụgwọ n’akpụkpọ ụkwụ, peroxides hydro bụ ihe ndị na - akpata oxygen, nke bụ isi mmalite mbibi oxidative. Mbibi nke peroxides hydro ga-eme tupu ọgwụgwọ mbụ ma ọ bụ n'oge plastik ma enwere ike ịkwado ya site na mgbakwunye kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka antioxidants.

N’ịtụle ntụpọ kemịkal dị n’elu kemịkal e kwuru n’elu, enwere mgbanwe na-aga n’ihu nke njirimara ndị polymer ndị a n’oge usoro ịlọgharị nke ọ bụla, nke nyocha kemịkalụ na nyocha ụlọ nyocha ahụ.

Ọ kachasị:

• Mmụba nke ndị otu njedebe COOH
• Mmụba nke agba agba b
• Mmụba nke haze (ngwaahịa gosipụtara)
• Mmụba nke ọdịnaya oligomer
• Mbelata na filterability
• Mmụba nke ọdịnaya site na ngwaahịa dịka acetaldehyde, formaldehyde
• Mmụba nke ndị si mba ọzọ mmetọ
• Mbelata na agba L
• Mbelata nke viscosity nke dị n’ime ahụ ma ọ bụ viscosity dị ike
• Mbelata nke okpukpu kristal na mmụba nke ngwa ngwa crystallization
• Mbelata nke ihe eji eme ihe dika ike agha, elongation na break or nwa agbanwe agbanwe
• Ngbasawanye nke nguzo di egwu

Ntughari nke karama PET bu ihe ndi ozo n’enweta ulo oru injinia.

Nhazi ihe atụ maka polyester elegharịgharịgharị

Usoro mmeghari ihe na polyester dị ka iche iche dị ka usoro nrụpụta dabere na pellets mbụ ma ọ bụ gbazee. Dabere na ịdị ọcha nke ihe ndị a na-emegharị, a pụrụ iji polyester mee ihe taa n'ọtụtụ n'ime usoro mmepụta polyester dị ka ngwakọta na polymer na-amaghị nwoke ma ọ bụ na-arịwanye elu dị ka 100% polymer recycled. Exfọdụ dị ka BOPET-ihe nkiri nke obere ọkpụrụkpụ, ngwa pụrụ iche dị ka ihe nkiri anya ma ọ bụ yarn dị iche iche site na FDY-spinning na> 6000 m / min, microfilaments, na micro-fibers na-emepụta site na polyester na-amaghị nwoke naanị.

Mfe re-pelletizing nke kalama flakes

Usoro a bụ ime ka ahihia nke karama banye n'ime flakes, site na ihicha na ịkpọ oku na flakes, site na plasta na nhicha, yana site na pelletizing. Ngwaahịa bụ nnuku amorphous nke viscosity dị n’ime oghere nke 0.55-0.7 dℓ / g, dabere n’otú e si meecha mkpocha PET.

Akụkụ pụrụ iche bụ: Acetaldehyde na oligomers dị na pellets na ọkwa dị ala; viscosity ebelata otu ụzọ, pellets bụ amorphous ma na a ga-mkpu ya na akpọnwụ tupu n'ihu nhazi.

Nhazi na:

• Ihe nkiri A-PET maka na-ekpo ọkụ
• Na mgbakwunye na mmepụta PET na-amaghị nwoke
• AKW .KWỌ ihe eji emechi ihe
• Kalama PET resin site na SSP
• Kapeeti yarn
• Igwe eji injinia
• Ihe mkpuchi
• Enweghị kpara
• Peschịkwa mpempe akwụkwọ
• Isi eriri.

Chohọrọ uzo a ghaghachiri eweghachi pụtakwara inwe usoro ntụgharị ọzọ bụ, n'otu akụkụ, ume ike na ọnụ ahịa, ma na-ebute mbibi ọkụ. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, usoro pelletizing na-enye uru ndị a:

• Ntughari kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ
• Njikwa ogo nke etiti
• Ngbanwe site na ihe mgbakwunye
• Nhọrọ ngwaahịa na nkewa site na mma
• Nhazi mgbanwe dịwanye elu
• Enweghị uru iji rụọ ọrụ.

Imepụta PET-pellets ma ọ bụ flakes maka karama (karama ka karama) na A-PET

Usoro a dị, n'ụkpụrụ, dịka nke akọwapụtara n'elu; Otú ọ dị, pellets ndị e mepụtara na-eti mkpu (na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-akwụsị akwụsị) wee tinye ya na steeti polycondensation siri ike (SSP) na draịji ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ na ntanetị. N'oge nhazi a, viscosity kwekọrọ ekwekọ nke 0.80-0.085 dℓ / g na-ewughachi ọzọ ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọdịnaya acetaldehyde na-ebelata ka <1 ppm.

Eziokwu ahụ ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta igwe na ndị na-ewu ahịrị na Europe na USA na-agba mbọ ịnye usoro nrụgharị nweere onwe ha, dịka usoro akpọrọ kalama (B-2-B), dịka BePET, Onye egwu, URRC ma ọ bụ BÜHLER, na-ezube inye ihe akaebe nke "ịdị adị" nke ihe mmịpụta achọrọ na mwepụ nke mmetọ ihe atụ dịka FDA na-etinye nyocha a na-akpọ ihe ịma aka, nke dị mkpa maka itinye nke polyester mesoro na ngalaba nri. E wezụga usoro a nkwenye ọ dị mkpa na onye ọrụ ọ bụla nke usoro dị otú a ga-enyocha mgbe niile FDA-ókè maka ihe ndị arụpụtara n'onwe ya maka usoro ya.

Direct ntụgharị nke kalama flakes

Iji chekwaa ego, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-abawanye nke ndị na-emepụta polyester dị ka igwe na-agbanye, igwe na-akpụ akpụ, ma ọ bụ igwe ihe nkiri na-arụ ọrụ na-eji kpọmkwem nke PET-flakes, site na ọgwụgwọ nke karama ndị eji eme ihe, iji na-emepụta mmepụta na-aba ụba. ọnụọgụ nke polyester intermediates. Maka mmezi nke viscosity dị mkpa, ma e wezụga ihicha flakes ahụ nke ọma, ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa iji weghachite viscosity site na polycondensation na agbaze ma ọ bụ nkwụsi ike nke steeti. Usoro ntụgharị ọhụrụ PET flake na-etinye ejima na-emegharị mkpụkọ, ndị na-enyo enyo ma ọ bụ sistemu na-emegharị ọtụtụ ma na-agbanye na mkpochapu iji wepu mmiri ma zere ikpochasị tupu ịmecha. Usoro ndị a na-eme ka ntụgharị nke flakes PET na-enweghị nkụ na-enweghị mbelata nnukwu viscosity nke hydrolysis kpatara.

N'ihe banyere oriri nke flakes kalama PET, ihe buru ibu nke ihe dika 70% ka a gbanwere na eriri. Mgbe ị na-eji ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu dị ka karama bọọlụ na usoro ịgba, ị ga-enwe ụkpụrụ ole na ole iji nweta.

Usoro ịgba dị elu maka imepụta POY kwesịrị inwe viscosity nke 0.62-0.64 dℓ / g. Na-amalite site na flakes kalama, viscosity nwere ike ịtọ site na ogo nhicha. Ihe ndi ozo nke TiO₂ dị mkpa maka dull dull ma ọ bụ ọkara dull dull. Iji kpuchido spinnerets, nnomi nke agbaze agbaze ahụ dị mma, n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla dị mkpa. Maka oge a, ego POY nke ejiri polyester 100% chụgharịa dị obere karịa n'ihi na usoro a chọrọ ịdị ọcha dị elu nke ịgbaze agbaze. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-agwakọta ngwakọta nke na-amaghị nwoke na pellet na-amaghị nwoke.

Akpụkpọ anụ ndị gbara agba na-adịkarị n'ọdịdị visiosis nke dịkarịsịrị ala na nke kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti 0.58 na 0.62 d g / g. N'okwu a, ọzọ, enwere ike idozi viscosity site na ihicha ma ọ bụ ndozi oghere ma ọ bụrụ na ikpocha oghere. Maka imeghari viscosity, agbanyeghi, mgbakwunye nke modifi ogologo ogologo dịka ọka ethcolne or Diethylene glycol nwekwara ike iji ya.

Inkwaa ọghọgaghị akwa-ọmarịcha ebe a na-eji akwa akwa yana akwa ndị na-abụghị akwa dịka ihe ndị bụ isi, dịka maka mkpuchi elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ n'okporo ụzọ — enwere ike imepụta ya site na ịkụ nchara. Viscosity a na-atụgharị n’onwe ya bụ ọzọ n’ohere dị 0.58–0.65 dℓ / g.

Otu mpaghara na-abawanye ụba ebe ejiri ihe ndị emegharịgharị ọzọ bụ nrụpụta nke mpempe akwụkwọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị elu, na ihe ndebe. N'okwu abụọ ahụ, akụrụngwa mbụ bụ ihe arụgharịrịrị nke viscosity dị elu. A na-arụzi eriri ọkpọ nkwado dị elu yana monofilament na usoro ịgbaze agbaze.

Ntughari nye ndi monomers

Enwere ike ịme polyethylene terephthalate iji nye ndị ahịa ihe niile mejupụtara. Mgbe nhicha ahụ, enwere ike iji monomers kwadebe polyethylene terephthalate ọhụrụ. Enwere ike ihichapụ njikọ nke ester na polyethylene terephthalate site na hydrolysis, ma ọ bụ site na transesterification. Mmeghachi omume bụ naanị ntụgharị nke ndị eji na mmepụta.

Akụkụ glycolysis

Ahịrị nke glycolysis (transesterification na ethylene glycol) na - agbanwe polymer siri ike ka ọ bụrụ oligomers na mkpụmkpụ nke enwere ike ịgbaze ma ọ dị obere. Ozugbo enwerela onwe ya adịghị ọcha, enwere ike inye ndị oligomers ka ọ banyeghachi na usoro mmepụta nke polymerization.

Ọrụ a gụnyere inye nri kalama 10-25% ebe a na-enwekwa ezigbo paịlị a na-arụ n'ahịrị. A na-edozi ebumnuche a site na imebi ihe ntụpọ nke karama PET — nke dịlarị n'oge plasta mbụ ha, nke enwere ike ime ya na otu ma ọ bụ nkedo elele na - gaa viscosity nke ihe dị ka 0.30 dℓ / g site na ịtinye ntakịrị nke ethylene glycol na site na ido onwe ya n'okpuru mmiri viscosity dị nfe gbafere na nnweta na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ozugbo plasta. Ọzọkwa, a na-ebute ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na njedebe kachasị ala. Na mgbakwunye, site na iji usoro a, enwere ike ịmebi kemịkal nke peroxides mmiri site na ịtinye P-stabilizer kwekọrọ ozugbo mgbe ị na-eji plastik. Mbibi nke otu peroxide mmiri bu, ya na usoro ndi ozo, emeworu n’oge nke ikpeazu nke usoro flake dika ima atu site na itinye H₃PO₃. A na-eri nri glycolyzed na nke ọma a na-edozi nke ọma na esterification ma ọ bụ prepolycondensation chernobyl, a na-edozi ọnụọgụ nke ihe ndị dị na ya.

Ngụkọta glycolysis, methanolysis, na hydrolysis

Treatmentme ihe mkpofu polyester site na mkpokọta glycolysis iji gbanwee polyester kpamkpam bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂). A na-eme ihe owuwu a ọcha site na ikuku vaculation, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime okirikiri eji eme ihe na polyester. Mmeghachi omume metụtara ya bụ ndị a:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + n HOCH₂CH₂OH → n C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂

E mewo ụzọ mgbazigharị a n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na Japan dị ka mmepụta nnwale.

Yiri mkpokọ glycolysis, methanolysis na - agbanwe polyester na dimethyl tereftahalate, nke enwere ike ịsacha ya na oghere agụụ:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + 2n CH₃OH → n C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₃)₂

A na-eme Methanolysis naanị na ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a n'ihi na mmepụta polyester nke sitere na dimethyl tereftahalate adaala nke ukwuu, na ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta dimethyl terephthalate apụwo n'anya.

Ọzọkwa dị ka nke dị n'elu, enwere ike ịmịkọta polyethylene terephthalate acid na ọka ethcolne n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị elu. Enwere ike ime ka acid ahụ dị ọcha pụta imegharia iji mepụta ihe kwesiri ekwesi maka re-polymerization:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO.)₂CH₂CH₂O)]_n + 2n H₂O → n C₆H₄(CO.)₂H)₂ + n HOCH₂CH₂OH

Usoro a egosighi ka erere ya azụ.