Standards

Standkpụrụ British bụ ụkpụrụ nke BSI Group mepụtara nke akpọrọ n'okpuru Royal Charter (nke edoziri ka ọ bụrụ National Standards Body (NSB) maka UK).

Ngosi akara CE bu ihe mminye nke akara aka ahia maka ire ahia ufodu rere ire n'etiti European Economic Area (EEA) site na 1985. Akara akara CE ka bukwara na ere ndi erere na abughi EEA emeputa, ma obu emeziri ka ere ya na EEA. Nke a na-eme ka akara nke CE bụrụ nke ụwa niile maka ndị niile na-amaghị mpaghara Mpaghara Europe. Ọ bụ n'echiche ahụ yiri nkwupụta FCC nke Conformity eji na ụfọdụ elektrọniki rere na United States.

Ndị otu CSA (nke bụbu Canadian Standards Association; CSA), bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka uru na-abawanye uru nke na-etolite ụkpụrụ na mpaghara 57. CSA na-ebipụta ụkpụrụ na ebipụta na akwụkwọ elektrọn ma na-enye ọrụ ọzụzụ na ndụmọdụ. Ndị mejupụtara CSA bụ ndị nnọchite anya sitere na ụlọ ọrụ, gọọmentị, na ndị ahịa.

GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) na-ezo aka na setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ ọrụ aka nke European-Asian Council maka ọkọlọtọ, metrik na asambodo (EASC), otu ọgbakọ na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara nke na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Kaadị nchekwa nchekwa kemịkalụ mba ụwa (ICSC) bụ ibute data agbadoro iji wepụta nchekwa dị mkpa na ozi ahụike na kemịkal n'ụzọ doro anya. Ebumnuche ebumnuche nke kaadị a bụ ịkwalite ojiji nke kemịkal na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ọrụ yana ndị isi lekwasịrị anya bụ ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ maka nchekwa na ahụike. Ihe oru ngo a bu ICSC bu oru jikoro ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) na International Labour Organisation (ILO) na nkwado nke European Commission (EC). Ihe oru ngo a bidoro n'aho 1980 site na ebumnuche nke imeputa ngwa ahia iji kesaa ihe omuma di egwu banyere mmiri ogwu n’ebe oru n'uzo kwesiri ekwesi.

Nke a bụ ndepụta ezughị ezu nke Electlọ Ọrụ Mba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Elekere (IEC) bipụtara.

A gbanwere ọnụọgụ nke ụkpụrụ IEC okenye na 1997 site na ịgbakwunye 60000; dịka ọmụmaatụ IEC 27 ghọrọ IEC 60027. ECkpụrụ IEC na-enwekarị akwụkwọ ntinye ngalaba; naanị isi aha maka ọkọlọtọ edepụtara ebe a.

Isi ngwaahịa ISO bụ ụkpụrụ mba ụwa. ISO na-ebipụtakwa akụkọ gbasara teknụzụ, nkọwapụta teknụzụ, nkọwa ọhaneze dị, teknụzụ teknụzụ, yana ntuziaka.

UL LLC bụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa na asambodo ụwa America nke dị na Northbrook, Illinois. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọfịs na mba 46. N'ịbụ onye guzosiri ike na 1894 dị ka Bureau of Electrical Bureau (ụlọ ọrụ nke National Board of Fire Underwriters), a maara ya na narị afọ 20 dum dị ka Laboratories Underwriters ma sonye na nyocha nchekwa nke ọtụtụ teknụzụ ọhụrụ nke narị afọ ahụ, ọkachasị bụ nnabata ọha. nke ọkụ eletrik na ịmepụta ụkpụrụ nchekwa maka ngwaọrụ eletriki na akụrụngwa.