ISO

Standkpụrụ mba ụwa na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ

Isi ngwaahịa ISO bụ ụkpụrụ mba ụwa. ISO na-ebipụtakwa akụkọ gbasara teknụzụ, nkọwapụta teknụzụ, nkọwa ọhaneze dị, teknụzụ teknụzụ, yana ntuziaka.

Standardskpụrụ mba ụwa

A na-egosi usoro a iji usoro a ISO [/ IEC] [/ ASTM] [IS] nnnnn [-p]: [yyyy] Isiokwu, ebe nnnn ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọkọlọtọ, p bụ nọmba nhọrọ nhọrọ, eei bụ afọ e bipụtara, na aha kọwara okwu a. IEC n'ihi na International Electrotechnical Commission agụnyere ma ọ bụrụ na ọkọlọtọ nsonaazụ sitere na ọrụ nke ISO / IEC JTC1 (Kọmitii Nka na ụzụ ISO / IEC). ASTM A na-eji (American Society for Exam and Materials) maka ụkpụrụ etolite na mmekorita ya na ASTM International. eei na IS ejighị ya maka ọkọlọtọ ezughi ezu ma ọ bụ nke e bipụtara ebipụta yana enwere ike ịhapụ aha akwụkwọ ọrụ ebipụtara n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.

Akụkọ teknụzụ

A na-ewepụta ha mgbe kọmịị kọmịị ma ọ bụ kọmitii kọmpụta chịkọtara data nke ụdị dị iche na nke a na-ebipụtakarị dịka International Standard, dị ka ntụaka na nkọwa. Mkpọkọta aha maka ndị a bụ otu maka ụkpụrụ, belụsọ TR kwadebere kama IS na aha akụkọ ahụ.
Ọmụmaatụ:

• ISO / IEC TR 17799: 2000 Usoro Omume maka Ijikwa Nchekwa Ozi
• ISO / TR 19033: 2000 Nsukka ngwaahịa teknụzụ - Metadata maka akwụkwọ owuwu

Nkọwapụta nka na ụzụ na n'ihu ọha

Enwere ike ịkọwapụta nkọwapụta teknụzụ mgbe “isiokwu a na-ekwu okwu ya ka na-etolite ma ọ bụ ebe maka ihe ọ bụla ọzọ enwere ọdịnihu mana ọ gaghị ekwe omume nkwekọrịta ozugbo ibipụta ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa”. Nkọwapụta nke ọha na eze na-abụkarị “nkọwapụta nke etiti, edepụtara tupu mmepe nke International Standard zuru ezu, ma ọ bụ, na IEC nwere ike ịbụ mbipụta 'abụọ logo' bipụtara na mmekorita ya na nzukọ ndị ọzọ". Site na nkwekọrịta, a na-akpọ ụdị nkọwa abụọ a n'ụzọ yiri nke akụkọ teknụzụ nke nzukọ ahụ.
Ọmụmaatụ:

• ISO / TS 16952-1: 2006 Akwụkwọ ọrụ teknụzụ - Usoro ntụnye aka - Usoro nke 1: Iwu ngwa niile
• ISO / PAS 11154: 2006 vehiclesgbọ ala okporo ụzọ - Ndị na-ebu ibu na-ebu ibu

Corrigenda nka na ụzụ

ISO na-esikwa mgbe ụfọdụ ebute “teknuzu corrigenda” (ebe “corrigenda” bụ otutu nke corrigendum). Ndị a bụ mmegharị emere na ụkpụrụ ndị dị ugbu a n'ihi obere ntụpọ ọrụaka, mmụba ojiji ojiji, ma ọ bụ mgbatị nwere mmachi. A na-enyekarị ha na atụmanya na a ga-emelite ma ọ bụ weghachite ọkọlọtọ emetụtara na nyocha ọzọ ọ ga-eme.

Ndị ndu ISO

Ndị a bụ meta-ụkpụrụ na-ekpuchi “ihe metụtara mba ọkọlọtọ”. A na-akpọ ha iji usoro ahụ “ISO [/ IEC] Guide N: yyyy: Mbụ”.
Ọmụmaatụ:

• Ntụziaka ISO / IEC 2: 2004 nhazi ọkwa na ọrụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ya - okwu nkwupụta
• Ntuziaka ISO / IEC 65: 1996 ihe ndi mmadu choro maka asusu ndi na aru oru asambodo ahia

Standardkpụrụ nke ISO / IEC bipụtara bụ ọkwa ikpeazụ nke ogologo usoro na-amalitekarị site na ntinye nke ọrụ ọhụrụ n'ime kọmitii. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ ndebiri ejiri maka akara maka ọkọlọtọ yana ọkwa ya:

• PWI - Nke Nke Ebu Ọrụ
• NP ma ọ bụ NWIP - Ntinye Ọhụụ / Nrụpụta Ọrụ Ọhụụ (dịka, ISO / IEC NP 23007)
• AWI - Nkem ọrụ ọhụụ a kwadoro (dịka ISO / IEC AWI 15444-14)
• WD - Ntinye ọrụ (dịka ISO / IEC WD 27032)
• CD - Draft Kọmitii (dịka ISO / IEC CD 23000-5)
• FCD - Mkpebi ikpeazụ nke Kọmitii (dịka ISO / IEC FCD 23000-12)
• DIS - Draft International Standard (dịka ISO / IEC DIS 14297)
• FDIS - International Draft International Standard (dịka ISO / IEC FDIS 27003)
• PRF - Ngosiputa ohuru nke International Standard (dika ISO / IEC PRF 18018)
• B - - Standardkpụrụ International (dịka, ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007)

Nkeji edemede eji mmeghari:

• NP Amd - Ntinyeghari ohuru (dika ISO / IEC 15444-2: 2004 / NP Amd 3)
• AWI Amd - Amalitere Usoro Nhazi Nke Abụọ (dịka, ISO / IEC 14492: 2001 / AWI Amd 4)
• WD Amd - Ntugharị Ntughari Ọrụ (dịka, ISO 11092: 1993 / WD Amd 1)
• CD Amd / PDAmd - Ntugharị Ntughari Kọmitii / Na-atụgharị Mgbakọ (dịka ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / CD Amd 6)
• FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) - Ndezigharị Mkpebi Ikpeazụ maka Mkpebi / Ntughari (dịka ISO / IEC 14496-14: 2003 / FPDAmd 1)
• FDAM (FDAmd) - Ndezigharị ikpeazụ nke imecha (dịka ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / FDAmd 4)
• PRF Amd - (dịka, ISO 12639: 2004 / PRF Amd 1)
• Amd - Ndezigharị (dịka ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / Amd 1: 2007)

Aha ndebiri:

• TR - Nkọwa teknụzụ (dịka ISO / IEC TR 19791: 2006)
• DTR - Nkwupụta Nka na ụzụ Draft (dịka ISO / IEC DTR 19791)
• TS - Nkọwapụta nka na ụzụ (dịka ISO / TS 16949: 2009)
• DTS - Nkọwapụta Nka na ụzụ Draft (wdg. ISO / DTS 11602-1)
• PAS - Nkọwapụta Ọha
• TTA - Nyochaa Usoro Teknụzụ (dịka, ISO / TTA 1: 1994)
• IWA - nkwekọrịta omumuihe nke mba nile (dịka, IWA 1: 2005)
• Cor - Teknozu Corrigendum (dịka ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / Cor 1: 2008)
• Ntuziaka - nduzi na kọmiti kọmiti maka ịkwadebe ụkpụrụ

Standkpụrụ International site na kọmitii teknụzụ ISO (TC) na kọmitii (SC) mebere site na usoro nwere usoro isii:

• Agba 1: Usoro izu ụka
• Agba nke 2: Nkwadebe
• Agba 3: Kọmiti kọmiti
• Nzọụkwụ 4: Achọpụta usoro
• Ọkwa 5: Nkwuputa ọkwa
• Nkeji 6: Mbido mbipụta

TC / SC nwere ike ịtọlite ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ (WG) nke ndị ọkachamara maka ịkwadebe nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọrụ. Ndi nwe komputa nwere ike inwe otutu ndi otu ha na aru oru, ndi nwere otutu otutu ndi otu (SG).

Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhapụ ụfọdụ ọkwa, ma ọ bụrụ na enwere akwụkwọ nwere ogo ogo ntozu ntozu nke mbido ọkọlọtọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ nke nzukọ ọzọ mepụtara. Ntuziaka ISO / IEC na-enyekwa ohere a na-akpọ "Usoro ọsọ ọsọ". N'ime usoro a, edepụtara akwụkwọ maka nnabata ya dị ka ihe edepụtara International Standard (DIS) maka ndị otu nọ na ISO ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe ederede nke International Standard (FDIS) nke ikpeazụ ma ọ bụrụ na ndị mebere akwụkwọ ahụ site n'aka otu nhazi mba ụwa nke ndị otu ISO ghọtara.

Nzọụkwụ mbụ - a kwadoro atụmatụ (New Proposal) na kọmitii dị mkpa ma ọ bụ kọmitii ọrụ aka (dịka, SC29 na JTC1 n'otu n'otu nke Moving Picture Experts Group - ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11). Otu TC / SC guzobere otu ndị ọrụ (WG) nke ndị ọkachamara maka nkwadebe nke usoro ọrụ. Mgbe akowara ọrụ ọhụụ zuru oke, ụfọdụ ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ (dịka, MPEG) na-emekarịrị arịrịọ a na-emeghe maka amụma-nke a maara dịka "oku maka amụma". Akwụkwọ mbụ e mepụtara dịka ọmụmaatụ maka ụkpụrụ nzuzo nke vidiyo na nke vidiyo ka a na-akpọ ụdị nkwenye (VM) (nke a na-akpọbu "ụdị nnwale na nnwale ule"). Mgbe emezuru ntụkwasị obi zuru ezu na nkwụsi ike nke ọkọlọtọ n'okpuru mmepe, a na-ewepụta ọrụ ọrụ (WD). Nke a bụ n'ụdị ọkọlọtọ mana edebeere ya n'ime otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ maka idegharị. Mgbe onye na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke siri ike ma otu ọrụ na-enwe afọ ojuju na ọ mepụtara ụzọ kachasị mma maka nsogbu a na-ekwu, ọ na-aghọ kọmitii kọmitii (CD) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya, a na-ezigara ya ndị P-ndị TC / SC (ndị otu mba) maka ịtụ vootu.

CD buzi komiti nke ikpeazu (FCD) ma oburu na onu ogugu ndi di nma kariri oke onu ogugu. Enwere ike ịtụle ihe ndị kọmitii na-esochi ya ruo mgbe ekwenyere na ọdịnaya teknụzụ. Mgbe emechara ya, edechara ederede ederede maka ntinye nke International Standard (DIS). Edere ederede a nye ndị otu mba maka ịtụ vootu ma kwuo okwu n’ime ọnwa ise. A kwadoro ya maka nrubeisi dị ka akwụkwọ ikpeazụ nke International Standard (FDIS) ma ọ bụrụ na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị otu P-nke TC / SC na-akwado ma ọ bụghị ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ngụkọta nke votu vootu adịghị mma. ISO ga ejidere aka na ngalaba mba ebe a na-ahapụ mgbanwe nzụlite (ee / enweghị ntuli aka), n'ime ọnwa abụọ. A kwadoro ya dịka International Standard (IS) ma ọ bụrụ na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị otu P-nke TC / SC na-akwado ma ọ bụghị ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ngụkọta nke votu vootu adịghị mma. Mgbe akwadochara, naanị obere mgbanwe ederede na-webata ederede ikpeazụ. A na-eziga ederede ikpeazụ na ISO Central Secretariat, nke na-ebipụta ya dịka International Standard.